The twelve bhāvas — domains of life, and the questions each one asks
Grahas are actors and rāśis are terrain; a bhāva is neither. It is a department of the life — an area where results actually land. Judge one the classical way and you are weighing four things at once: the bhāva's own lord and where it went, the grahas sitting in it, the grahas aspecting it, and the natural kāraka of that subject. The trait columns below describe the department running well and running badly; they say nothing on their own about which is the case in a given chart.