Daśā vicāra · the period systems

दशा

Viṃśottarī and the conditional systems — how a chart's promise acquires a date

A chart states what is possible; a daśā states when. Everything in the other documents — a graha's dignity, a bhāva's condition, a yoga's presence — is latent until a period belonging to the relevant grahas arrives. This is why the tradition is described as a daśā and yoga approach rather than a chart-reading one, and why a yoga whose grahas never receive a period within the lifetime is a promise never called in.

Viṃśottarī is the default and covers most work. The conditional systems are exactly that: Parāśara specifies a chart condition under which each becomes applicable, and applying one to a chart that does not meet its condition produces confident nonsense.

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The Viṃśottarī cycle

One hundred and twenty years apportioned among the nine grahas in a fixed order. The bar below is drawn to scale — Śukra's twenty years are more than three times Sūrya's six, and the three longest periods between them account for more than half a notional lifetime.

GrahaYearsCumulative Nakṣatras it rules

Reading the sub-period bars. Each mahādaśā card carries a bar of its nine antardaśās, drawn to scale and labelled with exact durations. Because every antardaśā is the same fraction of its mahādaśā — the sub-lord's years divided by 120 — the nine bars are all the same shape. Only the absolute durations change. Once that is seen, the whole table becomes a single proportion applied nine times, which is easier to hold than 81 separate numbers.

The arithmetic. Sub-period lengths use a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months, which is what makes the numbers come out round. Antardaśā in days is simply three times the product of the two lords' years — Rāhu 18 and Guru 16 gives 3 × 18 × 16 = 864 days, which is 2 years 4 months 24 days. Every published table reduces to that one multiplication.

On the conditional systems. Parāśara gives applicability conditions for each, and the conditions differ between manuscripts and editions more than almost anything else in the corpus. Where I am confident of a condition it is stated; where the editions genuinely disagree the card says so rather than picking one silently. The per-graha allocations for Pañcottarī, Śatābdika and Ṣaṣṭihāyanī vary enough between sources that I have given totals and structure only.

Not covered here. Chara daśā, Sthira daśā, Maṇḍūka and the other rāśi-based Jaimini systems belong with the Jaimini material rather than with the nakṣatra-based systems on this page, and are left for that document. Kālachakra is described structurally but not tabulated; its pāda-to-sequence mapping is long enough to need its own treatment.